Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in pediatrics, with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, which can be the sentinel event for congenital anomalies of the urinary tract. Given its relevance in the emergency setting, representing up to 5%-10% of causes of fever of unknown origin, the aim was to characterize the process of urine sample collection and testing from patients suspected of UTI in a Pediatric Emergency Service (PES).
Methods: Retrospective review of urine cultures collected in the service between March 2020 and January 2024.
Results: A total of 745 urinary screenings were conducted, with a median age of 2.8 years, 60.7% of whom were female. Sample processing took an average of 1.3±0.6 days. The positivity rate in aseptic methods was 17.4%, ranging from 23% for midstream voiding to 50% for bladder puncture. Although Escherichia coli was the most frequent isolate (70.7%), it also exhibited one of the highest resistance rates to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (33%). Other isolated germs were: Proteus at 20.7%, Staphylococcus saprophyticus at 2.3%, Klebsiella and Enterococcus at 1.5% each, and other germs at 2.3%. Resistance to cefuroxime was observed in 1.5%.
Conclusion: In this study, E. coli remains the predominant pathogen in UTI, and the increasing resistance to penicillins in our population is concerning. Cefuroxime is an effective option in empirical treatment of UTI.

This article aims to raise awareness about the proper completion of medical records in the clinical process, discussing the various medico-legal repercussions that this information represents not only in the clinical evolution, but also in the medical-legal documentation that it represents in Court when assessing the Criminal Law, Labor Law, Civil Law, among others.

Computer vision has emerged as a transformative technology with the potential to significantly enhance surgical practices' safety, efficiency, precision, and training. By leveraging advanced algorithms and artificial intelligence, computer vision applications offer real-time analysis of visual data during surgical procedures, enabling automated decision support, performance assessment, and intraoperative guidance. This article delves into the recent developments in computer vision technology within the realm of surgery, particularly focusing on its application in minimally invasive procedures. It also discusses the current state of computer vision in surgery while exploring its practical applications. The article highlights the challenges that must be overcome for widespread clinical adoption, emphasizing the crucial role of collective efforts in addressing these obstacles. With a balanced focus on both the technical advancements and the practical implications, this manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the role of computer vision in modern surgery.