Details that Count: Description of a Case of Pernicious Anemia

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Bárbara Santos - Corresponding Author

Bárbara Santos [ml.barbara@hotmail.com]
Rua do Vilar, nº 249, 3700-572, Arrifana VFR, Santa Maria da Feira, Aveiro, Portugal

Rita Cancela Nogueira
Diana Brigas
Ana Marques

Abstract

Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disease associated with vitamin B12 absorption deficit. In addition of macrocytic anemia, it can cause neurological and gastrointestinal changes.
Male, 76 years old, with memory loss, asthenia, dizziness, dyspnea and feeling of malaise. The analytical study carried out showed macrocytic anemia, with hemoglobin of 7.4 g/dL. The patient was referred to the emergency department, where the analytic study revealed vitamin B12 deficit, positive anti-intrinsic factor antibodies and positive anti-parietal cell antibody, confirming the diagnosis of pernicious anemia. There, he was given two units of red blood cells and he had hospital discharge medicated with intramuscular vitamin B12. After the diagnosis, the patient’s clinical history was reviewed and showed that there were complaints about memory alterations and increase of the mean of globular volume since 2015.
Due to the insidious symptoms, this pathology can be underdiagnosed. This case intends to stress the importance of valuing clinical and analytical alterations, even if subtle.

Keywords: Anemia, Pernicious; Intrinsic Factor; Parietal Cells, Gastric; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Article Details

1.
Oliveira dos Santos BC, Nogueira R, Brigas D, Marques A. Details that Count: Description of a Case of Pernicious Anemia. Gaz Med [Internet]. 2023 Mar. 2 [cited 2024 Dec. 2];10(1):42-5. Available from: https://gazetamedica.pt/index.php/gazeta/article/view/679
Section
CLINICAL CASE