Probiotics in the Prevention of Acute Otitis Media in Pediatrics: An Evidence-Based Review

Abstract

Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common disease in children and a leading cause of antibiotic prescription, representing a significant socioeconomic burden. Probiotics have revealed beneficial results in other infections with a good safety profile. This review aimed to assess the effects of probiotics in preventing the occurrence of AOM at pediatric age and reducing its impact. For this purpose, a literature search was conducted in evidence-based medicine databases. One meta-analysis and two clinical trials were included in this review. Evidence suggests that the administration of probiotics is effective in preventing AOM, with a good safety profile. However, the studies were heterogeneous and showed inconsistent results. Therefore, the strength of recommendation was classified as B using the SORT scale. Studies with larger sample sizes, longer durations, and better quality are needed to determine the optimal strain, duration, frequency, and timing of probiotic administration.